OK, this isn't, strictly speaking, a government-owned website. And it isn't an image gallery. It is a set of links to galleries of medical images on other sites.
So why am I including it here? Because a lot of these sites have government photos in them, and a lot of the images are pretty useful. And many of them can be used for educational purposes. Looking for the eSkeleton Project? Photos of blood diseases? Then this site has what you are looking for.